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The proportion of raw materials for making terrazzo tiles (taking traditional cement-based as an example)
| Raw material category| Raw material name| Ratio range (weight ratio) | Description|
|------------------|--------------------------|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Aggregate | Marble/Quartz Sand/Glass Fragments | 60%-70% | Particle size recommended is 2-8mm. Aggregates of different colors and materials can be mixed to enhance the decorative effect. |
| Binder | Ordinary Portland cement | 20%-30% | Recommended grade ≥42.5, providing basic strength and adhesion. |
| Filler | Fine sand or stone powder | 5%-10% | Used to fill the gaps between aggregates and improve compactness. |
| Water | Clean tap water | 40%-50% of cement weight | Adjust according to ambient humidity, too high water-cement ratio will reduce strength. |
| Additives | Water reducer/enhancer | 0.5%-1% | Improve fluidity or crack resistance (optional). |
| Pigment | Iron oxide pigment | 1%-3% | Add according to design requirements and mix thoroughly with cement. |
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Raw material function description
1. Aggregates
- The core decoration and load-bearing part determines the texture and wear resistance of the brick.
- You can choose natural stone (marble, granite) or artificial materials (glass, ceramic chips).
- It is recommended to mix coarse aggregate (4-8mm) and fine aggregate (2-4mm) in a ratio of 2:1 to reduce the void ratio.
2. Binder
- Cement: Traditional terrazzo is mostly made of ordinary Portland cement, and white cement can brighten the overall tone.
- Resin (alternative solution): epoxy resin + curing agent (ratio 10:1~10:3), used in scenarios requiring high gloss and high strength.
3. Filling
- Fine sand or stone powder can optimize particle grading, reduce shrinkage cracks and improve surface smoothness.
4. Additives
- Water reducing agent: reduce water consumption and improve density;
- Reinforced fiber (polypropylene fiber): anti-cracking (addition amount 0.1%-0.3%).
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Production process
1. Raw material pretreatment
- Aggregates are washed, dried and impurities removed.
- Mix the pigment and cement evenly to avoid color difference.
2. Mixing
- Dry mix: Aggregate + cement + filler, mix for 2-3 minutes until homogeneous.
- Wet mixing: slowly add water (and additives) and stir for 5-8 minutes until it becomes a paste.
3. Casting
- Pour into the mold (steel mold/wooden mold) and vibrate on a vibration table to remove air bubbles.
- Scrape the surface flat and cover with plastic film to keep it moist.
4. Maintenance
- Leave to stand at room temperature for 24-48 hours before demoulding, and wet curing (spray water and cover) for ≥ 7 days.
- Resin-based products need to be cured at 15-25°C for 24 hours.
5. Surface treatment
- Rough grinding (60-120 mesh sandpaper) → Fine grinding (300-800 mesh) → Polishing (2000 mesh or more + polishing paste).
- Finally apply a protective agent (such as stone sealant) to improve stain resistance.
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Precautions
1. When the ambient temperature is lower than 5℃, it is necessary to add early strength agent or take insulation measures.
2. The curing time of the resin-based formula must be strictly controlled to avoid incomplete reaction affecting the strength.
3. Aggregates contain metal components that may cause rust spots and require anti-rust treatment in advance.
4. After the mixing ratio is determined through laboratory tests, mass production can be carried out.
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Application Scenario
- Traditional formula: suitable for common scenarios such as floor tiles and countertops.
- Resin formula: more suitable for lightweight and high gloss requirements such as wall decoration and furniture veneer.
The type and color ratio of aggregates can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve personalized design. It is recommended to reserve 5%-10% of the raw material surplus during the first production to cope with losses.
